OwedInsurance appeals

Denial codes

CO-55 / PR-55

Denied as experimental or investigational

The plan says the treatment isn't proven for your condition. You answer with evidence: guidelines, studies and FDA status.

Official meaning (X12 code 55): Procedure/treatment/drug is deemed experimental/investigational by the payer.

Who pays

CO-55. Contractual obligation: the provider's contract with your plan makes this the provider's write-off. An in-network provider generally can't bill you for a CO amount.

PR-55. Patient responsibility: the plan says this part is yours to pay (deductible, copay, coinsurance, or a non-covered service).

What to do

  1. Ask for the plan's policy on this treatment.
  2. Ask your doctor for a letter citing guidelines and peer-reviewed studies.
  3. Appeal, then request external review: these denials are eligible.

If you appeal

Answer with peer-reviewed studies, specialty society guidelines and FDA approval status. Your doctor's letter should explain why this is accepted practice for your condition.

What the appeal asks for: Overturn the experimental/investigational determination; the treatment is supported by peer-reviewed evidence and professional guidelines for this condition.

Deadlines for the first appeal

employer plan
180 days from the notice
ACA Marketplace plan
180 days from the notice
Medicare Advantage plan
65 days from the notice
Original Medicare
120 days from the notice
Medicaid
60 days from the notice

The date printed on your notice controls. Urgent care can be appealed on an expedited (72-hour) basis.

What the data show

11.5%Only 11.5% of denied Medicare Advantage prior authorization requests were appealed in 2024. KFF, 2024 data
80.7%80.7% of appealed Medicare Advantage prior authorization denials were partially or fully overturned in 2024. KFF, 2024 data
<1% (262,982 appeals)Fewer than 1% of denied in-network marketplace claims were appealed in 2024 (at least 262,982 appeals). KFF, 2024 data
66% upheldInsurers upheld 66% of denials on internal appeal in 2024 (165,863 denials). KFF, 2024 data

Averages across all denials; not a prediction for yours.

Appeal this denial

Upload your denial. We draft the appeal around this code, you approve it, and we fax it to your plan and mail a certified copy. Free check first, then $59.

Prepare my appealDecode my denial, free

General information, not legal or medical advice. Owed is a document-preparation and sending service, not a law firm.